
To bring its iPhone 5 to market, Apple needed to innovate and solve many engineering challenges. “We could look for easy ways and come up with something more rational, but less outstanding. But they didn't."

The suite of inventions is already aimed directly at critics and competitors who are trying to portray Apple products as a composite of other companies' inventions and ridicule Apple for its supposedly patented "square and rounded corners."
Apple's official website reads:

Apple also made a subtle comment about the so-called "telesets" devices (phone and tablet in one), which have an extended screen with a diagonal of 5 inches or more:
As Apple rightly pointed out,

To make the latest iPhone just 7.6mm thick, "iPhone engineers had to think thinly, choosing component by component," the company said, describing some of their challenges, for example, the standard micro-SIM card had to be reduced by another 44 percent., resulting in the creation of "nano-SIM".
Initially, Apple intended to develop a programmable virtual software SIM card that would require no physical space, no storage space, or any electrical contacts. However, later this global idea was abandoned. Then, after a new nano-SIM size standard was proposed, rivals Nokia, Motorola and RIM expressed discontent.

In particular, Nokia stated that the new free standard from Apple is "an attempt to devalue someone else's intellectual property."
This dispute was resolved in June this year, when the European Telecommunication Standards Institute selected Apple's development among competitors.

Apple also mentioned that it had both LTE and CDMA traffic data on a single chip, in contrast to the conventional dual chip that competitors introduced to the market over the past year. This keeps the iPhone's battery small and efficient, with about 8 hours of talk time.
The phone supports 4G LTE with a theoretical speed of up to 100 Mbit / s (in practice in the US, about 40 Mbit / s is currently achieved, which is twice the fastest cable Internet connection) from various providers in the USA, Canada, Europe and Asia …
As with the new iPad, dual-channel HSDPA up to 42Mbps is supported on non-LTE carriers (not available outside the US; T-Mobile supports DC-HSDPA and is expanding its coverage for the future implement and support iPhone).
Also, the new phone supports dual-band WiFi 802.11n on both 2.5 and 5 GHz bands (for example iPad), which allows you to connect to local wireless networks at speeds up to 150 Mbps.
Apple has also found a replacement for its 30-pin connector - a new 9-pin design that's reduced by 80 percent, codenamed "Lightning" to evoke lightning strikes.
Apple has also removed a whopping 30 percent of the display's thickness by integrating tactile sensors directly into the display's pixel matrix, which also improves image clarity.


Apple says that "never before has this degree of elegance and sophistication been achieved on a phone," noting that the visuals were done by machines equipped with 29 megapixel cameras.
The phone's own camera has a crystal sapphire surface (shown below), "the second-hardest after diamond on the transparent material scale," notes Apple. "This means that the surface of the lens will be much more difficult for you to scratch."
High-tech environmental standards were also taken care of
According to Apple, the new phone uses highly recyclable aluminum and glass, emphasizing that “the inserts along the top and bottom are made of ceramic glass (in the white / silver model) or pigmented glass (in the black / silver model) ".

The company also said that it intends to arrange “a complete disassembly of all its products into single components and materials in the Cupertino laboratory, and then test them with multiple methods, including X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and ion chromatography. We do this in order to know for sure that each of our products meets standards and is absolutely harmless to the environment."